Answer: What's the story? Steel in the sand (A new series)

Whenever I see something that doesn't make sense to me...

... or when it's something that just kind of sticks out... something that doesn't match the rest of the background... my first reaction is to say "Huh!"  When I hear myself saying that, I find myself growing curious.  

In last week's Challenge I asked:  

What's the story ... behind these two pieces of steel sticking up out of the beach sand?  

Link to the original photo (#1) - About 2.4 meters tall.

Link to the original photo (#2) - About 2m tall and 100m north of #1.

They clearly don't belong there, and from appearances, they've been there for quite a while. So... 

What's the story ...? 

Once I made it back to my hotel room, I first pulled up Google Maps for the area.  (Here I just used the lat/long that I left in the comment.)  

Why that step?  Because you often learn a lot about a location by just looking around on a map of the area.  

And, amazingly enough, my drop pin (the red pin in the map above) is right next to something that's labeled Steel beam.  You've GOT to be kidding me!  I find this strange chunk of steel sticking out of the sand and it's on the map??  

Even more amazingly, there are reviews of the Steel Beam (but as you'll quick figure out, the reviews are for the beach, not the beam, although people do take photos of the beam and paste them in their reviews).  

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Usually when I look at a map like this, I also zoom out a bit and look around, taking note of the local places names.  Often they'll give clues to what's happening here, or you can see some traces of history in the ground.  Here's what I saw: 

I took note of the name of the nearby point ("Coal Oil Point") and the presence of two large oil tanks (the white circles near the center), and the place names "Devereux Lagoon" and  "Ellwood Mesa."  

Fascinating.  There's something going on here.  Given the name of the point and the oil tanks (and knowing that the nearby Santa Barbara channel is a bit oil production site), I started wondering about former oil production facilities .  But while I'm curious, I keep my  my next query pretty generic: 

     [ steel beam beach Goleta ] 

This gives me a bunch of images of the beach, but also a link to a PDF from about the city's efforts to clean up the beach.  As the report notes: 

"Extensive oil and gas operations occurred along the City’s Ellwood coastline during the early and mid-20th century. When these operations ceased, the infrastructure created to support the operations were not properly abandoned. As a result, the Ellwood coastline is littered with remnant oil and gas operations hazards. These hazards include protruding wellheads and well casings, wood and steel piles, pipelines, and wood beams and structures..." 

Three things from this:  (1) this location is historically known as the "Ellwood coastline."  That's useful to know.  (2) there were a lot of oil and gas operations here.   (3) there are probably still steel piles left on the beach.  

As the report also says, "Remnant hazards include protruding wellheads and well casings, wood and steel piles, H piles and H beams..."  So now we know more useful terms: "H beam" and "H pile."  

And if you're careful, and read farther down in that report, you'll find a really familiar photo on page 55: 

So now we know a bit about the what of these beams.  They're clearly leftover structural steel from the piers and oil gear that was here earlier.  The oil companies didn't do a great cleanup job, mostly just abandoning tons of gear in place.  

Another result:  http://goletahistory.com/haskells-beach/ gives an extensive history of this beach (variously called "Steel Beam Beach"  "Haskell's Beach" or "Coal Oil Point Beach," depending on the source.  A key illustration in that website is the USGS map of the area from 1951 showing a LOT of oil industry piers and buildings.  

It's pretty clear what happened.  These beams are leftovers from the extensive oil industry piers and oil wells that once dominated the area.  

That's interesting, but not much of a story.  Is there anything else going on here?  

Often, a great way to get some interesting information about a place is to search for history about a place.  I tried [ history Coal Oil Point ] and found fairly quiet / boring stuff.  I also tried [ history Haskell's beach ] and had another set of nice, but not compelling results. (Reading about the Devereux family moving to the point, planting trees, and the leaving just wasn't that exciting.)  

Finally, I tried: 

     [ history Ellwood beach ] 

and found a remarkable story.  Here's what my SERP looked like:  

Just reading this is astounding.  "Attack on Ellwood"?  "Bombardment of Ellwood"?  What happened here? 

I did a bit of lateral browsing to open several tabs in parallel on the topics.  I was looking for a diverse set of sources (and not the same story told over and over again) on history of Ellwood beach, the oil business, and the attack of a Japanese submarine during WW2.  

A particularly rich source of information came from the Goleta History blog:  

http://goletahistory.com/attack-on-ellwood/ which has the dates, events, and history of the attack (February 23, 1942). This also led to the Bombardment of Ellwood Wikipedia story, with a bit more colorful details.  But the bottom line is this..  

TL;DR version:  Early in World War II, the I-17, a Japanese submarine that was 365 feet long, surfaced outside the oil complex at sunset and lobbed roughly 17 shells at the Ellwood oil complex.  There was only minor damage: one derrick and a pump house were destroyed, but little else happened.  The oil tanks that were the targets escaped without damage.  

Of course, for a story this striking, you want to get a bit of confirmation.  I did a search on Google Books, and switched to the Newspapers mode of Google Books.  

Yes, that's right:  Archival Newspapers are now a part of Google Books!  To search on Newspapers, click on the Tools button on the right, then select Newspapers to search just the archival news.  

Which leads to many contemporary news stories.  Here's one from Saint Petersburg... 

Interestingly, the sub’s captain: “…. as a naval reserve officer, Nishino had commanded a pre-war merchant ship that sailed through the Santa Barbara Channel. His ship had once stopped at the Ellwood Oil Field to take on a cargo of oil.”  So he knew the place. 

This kind of astounding.  I knew there had been a few attacks, but I didn't know one had happened at "Steel Beam Beach."  

But the story continues...  

As I read a bit further about the attack on the Goleta coastline, I read that this fairly minor shelling spread panic along the coast.  This ultimately lead to “The Battle of Los Angeles”  on the next night.  It was a huge and panicky reaction to a supposed attack.  From the Wiki article:  

“The United States Coast Artillery Association [in LA] identified a meteorological balloon sent up at 1:00 a.m. that "started all the shooting" and concluded that "once the firing started, imagination created all kinds of targets in the sky and everyone joined in". In 1983, the U.S. Office of Air Force History attributed the event to a case of "war nerves" triggered by a lost weather balloon and exacerbated by stray flares and shell bursts from adjoining batteries.” 

While the Ellwood shelling was minor, the panicky LA response caused lots of real damage:  

“Several buildings and vehicles were damaged by shell fragments, and five civilians died as an indirect result of the anti-aircraft fire: three killed in car accidents in the ensuing chaos and two of heart attacks attributed to the stress of the hour-long action.”  

Much more damage was done by an panic reaction to a weather balloon than was ever done by the actual shelling on the beach.  

"Probably much of the confusion came from the fact that anti-aircraft shell bursts, caught by the searchlights, were themselves mistaken for enemy planes. In any case, the next three hours produced some of the most imaginative reporting of the war: "swarms" of planes (or, sometimes, balloons) of all possible sizes, numbering from one to several hundred, traveling at altitudes which ranged from a few thousand feet to more than 20,000 and flying at speeds which were said to have varied from "very slow" to over 200 miles per hour, were observed to parade across the skies. These mysterious forces dropped no bombs and, despite the fact that 1,440 rounds of anti-aircraft ammunition were directed against them, suffered no losses. There were reports, to be sure, that four enemy planes had been shot down, and one was supposed to have landed in flames at a Hollywood intersection."

Here's some of the coverage by the local paper, the L.A. Times: 

Image from Wikipedia.  Page B of the February 26, 1942, Los Angeles Times,

So, what's the story here?  

The steel beams are leftovers from a large oil complex, including multiple piers, oil tanks, pipelines, and production gear.  This complex was shelled during the early part of WW2 by a Japanese submarine, leaving minor damage behind.  But the next day, the shelling caused an enormous panic in a war-jittery Los Angeles, leading to an immense fire fight... with an imaginary opponent, leaving several people dead, and immense amounts of property damage.  

Search Lessons 

I have a few insights from this week's Challenge.  

1.  A story can arise from unexpected connections.  Fairly often when I'm doing these SearchResearches, I come across a connection that I didn't know about and didn't expect.  The best stories come from these connections that lead to something interesting--in this case, the Battle for Los Angeles.  Even though I grew up in L.A., I didn't know about this.  (I can imagine everyone was pretty embarrassed about the whole thing, so it didn't get a lot of play in the local press, and it just faded from collective memory.)  

2.  Checking maps often leads to insights.  Much to my surprise, the steel beam I found on the beach was marked on the map.  I completely didn't expect that!  What's more--I learned a lot of local place names (Ellwood, Coal Oil Point, etc.)  that proved useful in later searches.  

3.  Local governments are a great source of information about a place.  Even though the document was about "beach cleanup," the Goleta city plan for cleanup also gave us a lot of historical information.  It's a great place to find context for things like this.  

4. You can find archival newspapers through Google Books.  In the past, the News Archive was a separate product.  Now it's part of Google Books, and easily searchable once again.  Whenever you do history searches, remember to check this out first.  It's very easy, free, and handy.  


We'll talk more about finding the backstory (and what it means to find these kinds of connections).  I hope you enjoyed this first in the "What's the story?" series.  If you enjoyed this, let me know, and we'll do more like this.